This blog is an attempt to understand these 3 topics accurately. Earlier, I compared my understanding here. I recognized my understanding had some flaws. So, I researched and consolidated my understanding based on different readings. This article focuses more on the similarities and differences in these 3 topics.
| Mental Models | Cognitive Models | Framework Thinking | |
| Definition | It is internal representation of how things work in the world, based on personal experience and understanding | Theoretical approach that explain how cognitive processes work in the mind. | A systematic approach to organizing thoughts and knowledge into coherent structures for problem solving and decision making |
| Purpose | It helps individuals interpret information, solve problems, and make decision in everyday life | It describe and predict mental operations like memory, attention, or decision making | It provides a structured way to analyze problems, generate solutions, and make decisions |
| Characteristics | 1. Personalized and unique to each individual 2. Can be updated and refined over time 3. Tool to interpret the world 4. Shaped by experiences, beliefs and knowledge | 1. Abstract and generalized 2. based on scientic research and theories 3. Attempts to explain cognitive mechanisms 4. Represented through formal theories or computational simulations | 1. Structured and systematic approach 2. Often used in collaborative environments 3. Emphasizes breaking down complex issues into manageable parts 4. Promotes iterative problem-solving and questioning assumptions |
| Origin | Developed from personal experiences | Scientific research | Systematic methodologies |
| In Simple Terms (so that people like me can understand in 1 line) | Personal and Specific | Generalized Theories | Structured approach to problem-solving |
| Flexibility | Highly Flexible | More Rigid | Structured but adaptable approach |
| Applications | To be used in various contexts for personal decision-making and understanding of complex systems | It is used in research and academic settings to study cognitive functions | It is commonly used in business, design, and creative environments to tackle complex problems and foster innovation |
| Examples | 1. First Principles Thinking: This model involves breaking down complex problems into their most basic elements and reassembling them from the ground up. For instance, when designing a new product, instead of following existing designs, one would ask what the essential requirements are and how to meet them most efficiently. 2. Opportunity Cost: This model helps individuals consider the potential benefits they forgo when choosing one option over another. For example, if you decide to spend time studying for an exam instead of working a part-time job, the opportunity cost is the income you could have earned during that time. 3. The Map is Not the Territory: This model reminds us that representations of reality (like maps or models) are not the reality itself. For example, a business plan is a simplified representation of the business landscape, which may not account for unforeseen challenges. | 1. Information Processing Model: This cognitive model likens the human mind to a computer, suggesting that information is received, processed, stored, and retrieved. For example, when learning a new language, one might first decode sounds (input), understand grammar rules (processing), store vocabulary (storage), and then use it in conversation (output). 2. Dual-Process Theory: This model posits that there are two systems of thinking: System 1, which is fast and intuitive, and System 2, which is slow and deliberate. For instance, when making a snap judgment about a person’s mood based on their facial expression, one is using System 1 thinking. 3. Cognitive Load Theory: This model suggests that our working memory has limited capacity, and if it is overloaded, learning can be hindered. An example would be a student trying to learn a complex math concept while also managing distractions from their phone. | 1. SWOT Analysis: This framework helps organizations assess their Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. For example, a company launching a new product might use SWOT to identify internal strengths (like a strong brand) and external opportunities (like a growing market). 2. Design Thinking: This is a human-centered framework for innovation that emphasizes understanding user needs, ideation, prototyping, and testing. For instance, a team developing a new app would conduct user interviews to identify pain points before brainstorming solutions. 3. The Lean Startup Methodology: This framework focuses on building a business or product iteratively, using validated learning through experimentation. An example would be a startup releasing a minimum viable product (MVP) to gather user feedback before full-scale development |
Cognitive Bias
Then what is Cognitive bias? These are mental shortcuts or tendencies that can lead to conclusions that may be inaccurate or unreasonable. They result from the brain’s attempt to simplify information processing. Examples include anchoring bias, availability heuristics, and the sunk cost fallacy. Cognitive models attempt to describe and explain the cognitive processes and generalized theories behind cognitive biases.
Note: I’ll continue refining this blog as and when my concept clarifies from theory to practice experience.