I recently rewatched seasons 4 and 5 of Madam Secretary on Netflix. A recurring theme kept nagging my mind: the distinction between patriotism and nationalism. Initially, I brushed it off as just another TV gimmick — perhaps some philosophical dialogue meant to add gravitas. But this time, the idea stayed with me.
Why was the show so intent on returning to this distinction? Was there really a significant difference between the two terms, or was it just a play on semantics?
Curiosity got the better of me, and I decided to dive deeper. What I discovered was fascinating: patriotism and nationalism may seem similar on the surface, but both terms are worlds apart in intent, impact, and expression.
Patriotism is a love for one’s country that uplifts and unites, striving for collective progress. Nationalism, on the other hand, often veers into dangerous territory, fostering division and an “us vs. them” mentality.
This realization reminded me of moments from Indian history, where patriotism and nationalism shaped our collective journey in profound and contrasting ways. Think of the Indian Independence Movement—a story where the two forces often coexisted but sometimes clashed, shaping the destiny of a nation.
Let me take you on a journey through history, exploring how these concepts have played out across civilizations and how they continue to impact our modern lives — including something as close as the workplace dynamics.
Patriotism: Love Rooted in Unity and Progress
Patriotism is love for one’s homeland that seeks to preserve its values, address its shortcomings, and embrace its diversity. It is constructive and forward-looking. Patriotism values accountability. A patriot holds their country accountable because true love demands honesty and growth.
In Indian history, this spirit is beautifully captured in Gandhi’s vision of Swaraj. His patriotism was rooted in nonviolence, inclusivity, and the upliftment of every Indian, regardless of caste, creed, or religion. Gandhi didn’t just love the land—he loved its people, its soul, and its potential for moral progress.
Nationalism: Loyalty Rooted in Division
Nationalism, in contrast, often asserts the superiority of one nation over others. It can foster exclusion, xenophobia, and a dangerous “us versus them” mindset. Nationalism demands unquestioning loyalty, even at the cost of truth or inclusion.
In India, the rise of religious and cultural nationalism during the freedom struggle brought both unity and division. While some nationalist factions sought self-determination, they also sowed seeds of partition. The tragedy of 1947 was a stark reminder of nationalism’s potential to divide even as it rallies.
Lessons from Ancient History: A Tale of Two Ideals
History offers us fascinating examples of how patriotism and nationalism shaped civilizations.
Patriotism: The Athenian Polis
In 5th-century BCE Athens, patriotism thrived through democracy, civic engagement, and intellectual freedom. Athenians took pride in their ability to govern themselves and contribute to the arts, philosophy, and collective progress. Their patriotism was about building a society that could inspire the world.
Nationalism: The Qin Dynasty
Contrast this with the Qin Dynasty in China (221–206 BCE), where nationalism took root in standardization and centralization. While it unified China, it also imposed strict conformity. It fostered a sense of cultural superiority that shaped Chinese identity for centuries.
Indian Independence Movement: Patriotism vs. Nationalism
The Indian independence movement is perhaps the most compelling example of the interplay between these two forces.
- Patriotism: Gandhi’s Inclusive Vision
- Gandhi’s patriotism was rooted in love for the people and a commitment to justice. He believed in a free India where every individual, regardless of background, could thrive. His campaigns for nonviolence, religious harmony, and self-reliance were acts of patriotic leadership that sought to heal and unite.
- Nationalism: The Partition Debate
- At the same time, nationalist passion, driven by communal identities, grew stronger. The demand for separate nations based on religion led to one of the most painful chapters in Indian history — Partition. While nationalism fueled the desire for self-rule, its exclusivity also brought unimaginable loss.
Modern Lessons: The Fine Line Between Unity and Division
History repeatedly shows us that patriotism uplifts, while nationalism often isolates. This distinction isn’t just academic; it’s profoundly relevant today — in our politics, workplaces, and communities.
Even in an office, these dynamics play out. Leaders who inspire collaboration and shared purpose foster a sense of patriotism among employees, driving progress. On the other hand, factions that hoard resources or act territorially create an atmosphere of mistrust—much like nationalism does within a nation.
Key Takeaway: Choosing Constructive Patriotism
Like many nations, India’s story reminds us of the importance of balancing pride with inclusivity. Patriotism asks us to love our country in a way that unites and uplifts us. It invites us to embrace diversity and strive for progress within our borders and beyond.
When unchecked, nationalism narrows love into an exclusionary loyalty that can divide. History shows us that the choice is clear: patriotism builds bridges, while nationalism erects walls.
Conclusion: A Reflection on Our Times
As we navigate modern challenges — from global conflicts to workplace dynamics — the lessons of history remain clear. Patriotism offers us a path to unity and progress, while nationalism risks isolation and division.
For India, a land of rich diversity and profound resilience, the choice to embrace constructive patriotism has always been our strength. It allowed us to unite against colonial rule and will guide us as we build a more inclusive and progressive future.
So, as we reflect on our identity — as individuals, Indians, and global citizens — let’s choose the path that uplifts, unites, and inspires. Let’s select patriotism.